SとVの語順が逆になり「V+S」の語順になることで強調される。
■疑問
You can help me. -> Can you halp me?
■副詞を文頭に置いて強調
副詞(句)を文頭に置き「副詞+V+S」の形にする倒置。ただし主語が代名詞の場合には倒置は起こらず「副詞+S+V」となる。
There is the bird.
Well do I know him.
Into the water jumped the girl with a splash. その少女は水の中へザブンと飛び込んだ。
Out went the light. 明かりが消えた。
■否定語を文頭に置いて強調
「否定語+V+S」の語順で強調する。現在/過去の一般動詞を含む文では「否定語+do(does/did)+S+V」の語順になる。
no,nor,never,not,hardly,scarcely,only,rarely,seldom等
Never had I heard such a thing.
No sooner had she left the room than they began to speak ill of her.
Not a bottle did they leave behind.
Little did I dream that I would get the first prize in this contest.
Scarcely had the man seen the policeman when he ran away.
Only when it rains do you feel cool. 雨が降る時しか涼しく感じない。
I seldom see her. → Seldom do I see her.
■So / Neither /Nor + (助)動詞 + 主語
I am happy, so are you. （私は幸せだし、あなたもそうだ。）
I like dogs. So do I.
I don't like cats. -> Nor do I. （私もだ、猫が好きでない）
I wasn’t playing soccer. -> Nor was I.（私もだ、やっていない）
Bob can't go, (and) neither can I.
■コメント
コメントの主体を以下の形で倒置で表現「…, V+S」あるいは譲歩節「V+S,…」
…, shouted the man.「…、と男はさけんだ。」
Come what may,…「何が起きようとも…」
■仮定法ifの省略
IFが省略され(助)動詞 + 主語になる。仮定法現在、過去、過去完了等限定せず。
Should it be sunny, I'll go out.
Should anything happen to him, call me at once.
Were I the president, I would use more taxes for the challenged.
Could she marry me.
■補語を文頭に置いて強調
補語を文頭に置き「C+V+S」の形にして強調する。ただし主語が代名詞の場合には倒置は起こらず「C+S+V」となる。so that, such that構文
So rich is Nancy [ that she can buy anything ].
Such was his anger [ that he lost control of himself ].
It was such a terrible day that we decided not to go. → Such was a terrible day that we decided not to go.
■受身の倒置(PP + be + S)
A girl named Susie was killed in the traffic accident. -> Killed in the traffic accident was a girl named Susie.
■than～, as～,の部分を強調
She worked hard as most japanese did. → She worked hard as did most japanese.
She spoke more softly than Jack did. → She spoke more softly than did Jack.
ただし、～部分の主語が代名詞であったり動詞が主節動詞と異なる場合、倒置は起こらない。
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動詞や助動詞が前に来ない倒置のパターン
■Rough Movement(構文移動)
You'd be so nice to come home to.
↑
It would be so nice to come home to you.
ジャズのスタンダードの曲名らしい
easy/difficult/hard/tough/comfortable/dangerous/safe
かつ、to不定詞内に名詞が存在する場合にitと入れ替えができる模様
しかしそれは難しくヒントとしては
１）toの後がyouの省略だと推測する必要がある。meの省略でないのは、省略できるのは既出の語か明確なものだから
２）To come home to you would be so nice.の変形であり省略がないと考える。
３）You'd be so nice. / if I could come home to you.の合体と考える
こんなのもある
Max made his way through the crowd by pushing.
↓
Max pushes his way through the crowd.
■目的語を文頭に置いて強調
目的語を文頭に置き「O+S+V」の形にして強調する。OVSだと意味不明だろうし。
That book I have already read.
We take the air around us for granted. -> The air around us we take for granted.
■asの譲歩構文
”だけれども”という意味が譲歩を表す。省略が進み倒置が起こる
Though he is as famous as he is, he is very modest.
↓
Being famous as he is, he is very modest.（分詞構文）
↓
Famous as he is, he is very modest.（彼は有名だけれども慎み深い）
Kind as he is, he is not interesting. （彼は優しいけれども、おもしろくない。）
Young as she was, she could understand her friend's sorrow.（彼女は若いけれど、友人の悲しみを理解してあげることができた。）
■構成しやすい語順に変更
S+V+M1+M2を「S+V+M2+M1」とする。M1が長くM2が短い場合に起こりやすい。
The pretty twins are so much different in character from one another.
Japan heavily depends for its oil supply upon the regiion called the Middle East.
■？？？
SVOCを「S+V+C+O」とする。Cが短くOが長い場合に起こりやすい。
He can make others known all of his thought.He can make known to others all of his thought.
possibleが前に出た → The Internet made possible a lot of multiplayer online games.