■thatを使った構文
[that節と呼ばれる]名詞節を導く接続詞でthat+S+V
I know that Mt. Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan.
It's natural that he should do so.
[so that構文]のthatは副詞節を導く接続詞でso 形容詞/副詞 that+S+V
The bag was so heavy that she couldn't carry it.
[it that構文]のitを仮目的語、that以下を真の目的語と呼び、thatは接続詞で名詞節のthat節を導く
I found it difficult that we solve the problem.
[関係代名詞]のthat、that以下から対象の語が消える
She heard the news that made her happy.
[同格のthat]は名詞で節を作る特殊接続詞だと言えます
She heard the news that her son had won the game.
■同格のthat
抽象名詞 + that SV ~
/// 同格のthatを取る名詞は決まっており、抽象的な概念などを表す下のような名詞が代表的なthatを取る。
discovery(発見), advice(忠告),agreement(合意),assumption(仮定),belief(考え),conclusion(結論), promise(約束), saying(格言),thought(考え),report(報告), statement(発言), information(情報), instruction(指示),notice(通告), announcement(告知), argument(議論), claim(主張),explanation(説明),assertion(主張), knowledge(知識), thought(思想), proposition(提案),suggestion(提案),demand(要求), need(必要), desire(欲望), order(命令), assumption(仮定), decision(決定), determination(決意), fear(不安), feeling(感情), realization(認識), recognition(認識),understanding(理解), comment(意見), complaint(不満), belief(信念) ,hope(希望),question(疑問),remark(意見), fact(事実), advantage(利点), chance(機会), evidence(証拠), likelihood(可能性), possibility(可能性), probability(見込み), truth(真実), news(ニュース), rumor(噂), theory(理論), opinion(意見), notion(見解), idea(考え), conception(概念), anxiety(不安), impression(印象), observation(観察), etc
/// 同格のthatを取れない名詞の例。
opportunity(機会), chance(機会) , image(イメージ) , character(特徴), right(権利), experience(経験) etc
/// 関係代名詞はthat以下で何かが無くなるが、同格はなくならない
「同格のthat」=「補足」、「関係代名詞のthat」=「代役」
■that節
Sになる That she will come is certain.
Oになる I know that he is married.
Cになる The issue is that she lucks common sense.
副詞節(SV that SV) She is happy that her photo won the competition.
同格 I know the fact that she stole the money.