Is This English???


2013年9月20日

倒置 - Inversion

SとVの語順が逆になり「V+S」の語順になることで強調される。

■疑問
You can help me.  -> Can you halp me?

■副詞を文頭に置いて強調
副詞(句)を文頭に置き「副詞+V+S」の形にする倒置。ただし主語が代名詞の場合には倒置は起こらず「副詞+S+V」となる。
There is the bird.
Well do I know him.
Into the water jumped the girl with a splash. その少女は水の中へザブンと飛び込んだ。
Out went the light.  明かりが消えた。

■否定語を文頭に置いて強調
「否定語+V+S」の語順で強調する。現在/過去の一般動詞を含む文では「否定語+do(does/did)+S+V」の語順になる。
no,nor,never,not,hardly,scarcely,only,rarely,seldom等
Never had I heard such a thing.
No sooner had she left the room than they began to speak ill of her.
Not a bottle did they leave behind.
Little did I dream that I would get the first prize in this contest.
Scarcely had the man seen the policeman when he ran away.
Only when it rains do you feel cool. 雨が降る時しか涼しく感じない。
I seldom see her. → Seldom do I see her.

■So / Neither /Nor + (助)動詞 + 主語
I am happy, so are you. (私は幸せだし、あなたもそうだ。)
I like dogs. So do I.
I don't like cats. -> Nor do I. (私もだ、猫が好きでない)
I wasn’t playing soccer. -> Nor was I.(私もだ、やっていない)
Bob can't go, (and) neither can I.

■コメント
コメントの主体を以下の形で倒置で表現「…, V+S」あるいは譲歩節「V+S,…」
…, shouted the man.「…、と男はさけんだ。」
Come what may,…「何が起きようとも…」

■仮定法ifの省略
IFが省略され(助)動詞 + 主語になる。仮定法現在、過去、過去完了等限定せず。
Should it be sunny, I'll go out.
Should anything happen to him, call me at once.
Were I the president, I would use more taxes for the challenged.
Could she marry me.

■補語を文頭に置いて強調
補語を文頭に置き「C+V+S」の形にして強調する。ただし主語が代名詞の場合には倒置は起こらず「C+S+V」となる。so that, such that構文
So rich is Nancy [ that she can buy anything ].
Such was his anger [ that he lost control of himself ].
It was such a terrible day that we decided not to go. → Such was a terrible day that we decided not to go.

■受身の倒置(PP + be + S)
A girl named Susie was killed in the traffic accident. ->  Killed in the traffic accident was a girl named Susie.

■than~, as~,の部分を強調
She worked hard as most japanese did. → She worked hard as did most japanese.
She spoke more softly than Jack did. → She spoke more softly than did Jack.
ただし、~部分の主語が代名詞であったり動詞が主節動詞と異なる場合、倒置は起こらない。

-----------------------------------------------------------
動詞や助動詞が前に来ない倒置のパターン

■Rough Movement(構文移動)
You'd be so nice to come home to.

It would be so nice to come home to you.
ジャズのスタンダードの曲名らしい

easy/difficult/hard/tough/comfortable/dangerous/safe
かつ、to不定詞内に名詞が存在する場合にitと入れ替えができる模様

しかしそれは難しくヒントとしては
1)toの後がyouの省略だと推測する必要がある。meの省略でないのは、省略できるのは既出の語か明確なものだから
2)To come home to you would be so nice.の変形であり省略がないと考える。
3)You'd be so nice. / if I could come home to you.の合体と考える

こんなのもある
Max made his way through the crowd by pushing.

Max pushes his way through the crowd.

■目的語を文頭に置いて強調
目的語を文頭に置き「O+S+V」の形にして強調する。OVSだと意味不明だろうし。
That book I have already read.
We take the air around us for granted. ->  The air around us we take for granted.

■asの譲歩構文
”だけれども”という意味が譲歩を表す。省略が進み倒置が起こる
Though he is as famous as he is, he is very modest.

Being famous as he is, he is very modest.(分詞構文)

Famous as he is, he is very modest.(彼は有名だけれども慎み深い)

Kind as he is, he is not interesting. (彼は優しいけれども、おもしろくない。)
Young as she was, she could understand her friend's sorrow.(彼女は若いけれど、友人の悲しみを理解してあげることができた。)

■構成しやすい語順に変更
S+V+M1+M2を「S+V+M2+M1」とする。M1が長くM2が短い場合に起こりやすい。
The pretty twins are so much different in character from one another.
Japan heavily depends for its oil supply upon the regiion called the Middle East.

■???
SVOCを「S+V+C+O」とする。Cが短くOが長い場合に起こりやすい。
He can make others known all of his thought.He can make known to others all of his thought.
possibleが前に出た → The Internet made possible a lot of multiplayer online games.

投稿者 funa : AM12:01| 英語のコツ - Tips | コメント (0) | トラックバック (0)


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